Consulta OnLine (periodico online) ISSN 1971-9892

 

 

 

 

2024/II

maggio-agosto

 

 

Parte Prima

STUDI

 

 

PAOLO PILUSO

L’art. 116, comma 3: una dubbia “rottura facoltizzata” della Costituzione?

(03.08.2024)

Abstract

The contribution intends to investigate the legal nature of the art. 116, third paragraph, of the Constitution – starting from the widespread interpretation of the norm – as a “facultative rupture” of the Constitution, authorizing the derogation from the division of State/Regions legislative competences through a mechanism of formal deconstitutionalization. The reflection moves from the doctrinal debate on the aforementioned constitutional norm and from a theoretical and dogmatic framework of the ruptures, auto-ruptures and facultative ruptures of the Constitution and identifies some general limits for the admissibility of formal deconstitutionalization and, on these bases, questions the legitimacy of the constitutional provision introduced by the constitutional law. 3/2001, arguing on the need for a restrictive interpretation of art. 116, third paragraph, of the Constitution (which tends to enhance administrative decentralization and not to affect the distribution of legislative competences).

 

 

MARINA PIETRANGELO

Un nuovo approccio metodologico nel Manuale per la redazione delle leggi regionali: riannodare il drafting formale e il drafting sostanziale

(31.07.2024)

Abstract

The article examines the novelties of the fourth edition of the guide for the legal drafting of the Regions. Particular emphasis is placed on the enhancement of the linguistic quality of texts and its link with other legal drafting techniques.

 

 

ANTONIO RUGGERI

La Consulta equilibrista sul filo del fine-vita (a prima lettura di Corte cost. n. 135 del 2024)

(25.07.2024)

Abstract

The writing highlights the effort produced by the commented decision to give prominence, in the terminal events of human existence, both to the self-determination of the person and to the good of life, however worthy of protection. In particular, in this regard, we note the significant expansion made to the notion of "life-sustaining treatments", susceptible to distorted and currently unpredictable applications.

 

 

GIUSEPPINA BARCELLONA

Just Children. Giudizi e pregiudizi nella tutela dei nati da PMA

(24.07.2024)

Abstract

This short article deals with the issue of the protection of those born by recourse to medically assisted procreation. After describing the provisions to which Law 40/2004 entrusted the protection of those born by artificial insemination and the rationale behind it, the impact on them of the removal of the absolute ban on heterologous fertilisation decided by the Constitutional Court in its sentence 162 of 2014 is analysed. It is from the breach thus opened that the problem of those born abroad by procreative techniques still prohibited in Italy acquires the breadth and urgency that now characterise it. The protection accorded to these children presents a graduation that appears independent of the appreciation of their “best interest” and that derives from the consideration of the rules that sanction the behaviour of the adult world and decree their guilt. The correct use of the instrument of analogia legis highlights the discrimination of which these ‘children’ are victims and also reveals the ‘punitive spirit’ that animates the decisions that sacrifice their status in the name of the interest of the community in prosecuting those who have transgressed its rules.

 

 

GIUSEPPE BERGONZINI

Dal trattamento dei dati personali, verso l’intelligenza artificiale, passando per la videosorveglianza: i limiti alle competenze legislative regionali (brevi note, a partire da Corte cost., 23 aprile 2024, n. 69)

(18.07.2024)

Abstract

With the decision no. 69/2024, the Italian Constitutional Court declared unconstitutional a regional law regulating the installation of video-surveillance systems inbhealthcare facilities, due to a conflict with national and European data protection regulation, and an incomplete reference to the relevant sources of law. The decision provides an opportunity to further examine the relationship between regional legislation, State legislation and EU self-executing law, to anticipate how potential regulatory

contrasts between regional, State and EU legislation on artificial intelligence could beresolved, and to understand what regulatory space might be left, in this field, for regional legislation.

 

 

GIUSEPPE STARRANTINO

Prime considerazioni a margine della legge Calderoli: un’occasione di riforma perduta

(09.07.2024)

Abstract

The object of this article is the law containing provisions for the implementation of the autonomy differentiated Regions with ordinary statute under art. 116, par. 3, It. Const. The paper examines the text as it was approved at the Chamber of Deputies after the amendments made by the Senate, introduced with the aim of resolving the critical issues identified during the examination in the Constitutional Affairs Committee. The article reveals, however, that procedurally the problems with the marginal role of Parliament still persist and, financially, the stability of the system is in dangerous, as no tools have been provided to ensure the economic sustainability of the new state structure.

 

 

FIAMMETTA SALMONI

Debito pubblico e Patto di stabilità e crescita. Le nuove regole sulla governance economica europea

(01.07.2024)

Abstract

This article examines the new rules for European economic governance adopted on April 29. The picture that emerges is far from reassuring, consolidating the primacy of monetary policy over fiscal policy. Moreover, the decoupling from the net expenditure indicator of, inter alia, spending on co-financing EU-funded programs, achieving an equitable, green and digital transition, social and economic resilience, energy security and defense capacity building exacerbates an already difficult situation by leaving the door open to well-known austerity policies.

 

 

ANTONIO RUGGERI

Il mix di normazione e controllo presente in alcune pratiche istituzionali: al modello alle torsioni dell’esperienza

(01.07.2024)

Abstract

After having noted that sometimes the confusion of powers is, in reality, due to a ... confused and questionable theoretical reconstruction precisely in light of the principle of the separation of powers themselves, the paper highlights the mix of regulation and control that takes place in some important constitutional cases, quickly focusing on some pairs of functionally connected legislative acts. The paper then moves on to deal specifically with the "regulatory" rulings of the Constitutional Court, in which the mix in question takes on peculiar forms, recently particularly accentuated and problematically compatible, in some of their expressions, with the constitutional model. The investigation concludes with a disheartening note regarding the actual normative force that the Constitution has, in the face of the widespread and significant tacit modifications to which it has been (and has continually continued to be) subjected.

 

 

ROBERTO TONIATTI

Territorial Autonomy of Linguistic Minorities, the Purpose of Improving the Constitutional Framework, and the Paradigm of Strategic Pragmatism: the Case of Political Resilience of South Tyrol and its Option of Coalition-Building (2024)

(24.06.2024)

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to examine the pragmatic compromise aimed at introducing reforms favourable to extending the special autonomy of the Trentino-Alto Adige Region and the corresponding paradigmatic case of the political resilience of territorial autonomy against the ideological framework and worldview of a right-wing national government.

 

 

CAMILLA PETRILLO

Il diritto all’inclusione scolastica delle persone con disabilità

(24.06.2024)

Abstract

The Constitutional Court has broadly supported the right to education for persons with disabilities. However, the 2006 UN Convention can still guide our legislation in the "right" direction. Efforts will then be needed for the proper implementation of the regulations.

 

 

GAIA ATZORI

La Corte giudica se stessa. Note a margine della sentenza n. 161 del 2023 sull’irrevocabilità del consenso maschile alla PMA

(14.06.2024)

Abstract

In its Judgement No. 161 of 2023, the Italian Constitutional Court refused to declare the illegitimacy of Article 6, paragraph 3, of Law No. 40 of 2004, providing for the irrevocability of men’s consent to medically assisted reproduction after an embryo formation. The paper critically analyses the arguments used by the Court and points out a potential new inconsistency in the relationship between the Court and the legislator. During the years, the Constitutional Court has modified various aspects of the law concerning medically assisted reproduction, ultimately altering the meaning of the provision in question. Starting from this point, the author focuses her attention on the problem of a Court having to judge a rule shaped by its own jurisprudence, effectively placing the Constitutional Court in a position of “judging itself”.

 

 

ANNA PIROZZOLI

La dignità umana e il diritto all’affettività del detenuto

(13.06.2024)

Abstract

The right to affectivity within prison walls is inextricably linked to the protection of human dignity, which is also guaranteed to those who are in a condition of limitation of personal freedom. In the absence of legislative intervention regarding the recognition of prisoners' right to affectivity, the italian Constitutional Court, in its judgment no. 10 of 2024, established a principle to which the administration of justice, in all its articulations, central and peripheral, not excluding the directors of individual institutions, will be able to refer while awaiting legislative intervention. The essay considers the implications of the pronouncement and the challenges that arise in the implementation of the principle by prison administrations in the absence of a specific legislative frameworkother.

 

 

SARA SCAZZOLA

Il rapporto tra la transizione energetica e il patrimonio culturale: un bilanciamento di interessi

(10.06.2024)

Abstract

The essay delves into the intricate relationship between the energy transition, with particular emphasis on the increase in renewable energy production, and the preservation of cultural heritage and landscapes. Despite the close interconnection between the two interests, it is observed that they can generate conflicts. Therefore, since the reform of Article 9 of the Constitution has enshrined both as fundamental principles of the legal system, it is necessary to identify a fair balance between them, to prevent the absolute prevalence of one over the other.

 

 

 

CARMELO DOMENICO LEOTTA

L’aiuto al suicidio del malato tenuto in vita da un trattamento di sostegno vitale: l’art. 580 c.p. torna davanti alla Corte costituzionale

(10.06.2024)

Abstract

The essay concerns the Tribunal of Florence’s decision that raised the question of constitutional legitimacy of Article 580 of the Italian Criminal Code that, after the sentence n. 242 of 2019 of the Constitutional Court, requires, for not punishing those who facilitate the suicide of others, that the victim, among other conditions, is kept alive by treatments of vital support. The Tribunal of Florence considers not manifestly unfounded that Article 580 c.p. violates Articles 2, 3, 13, 32 and 117 of Italian Constitution (the last one with reference to Articles 8 and 14 Cedu). The author offers critical comments about the perspective advanced by the Tribunal, also considering the prohibition to propose revisions of Constitutional Court’s decisions.

 

 

 

ANTONIO IGNAZIO ARENA

Revisione della forma di governo e rispetto dei principi fondamentali (riflessioni a margine della proposta di legge a.s. n. 935)

(06.06.2024)

Abstract

The paper examines the proposal for constitutional reform A.S. no. 935. It is argued that this proposal aims to change the form of government in a way that is suspected of constitutional illegitimacy by contrasting with the principle of the separation of powers and with the democratic-representative characterization of the legal system. In particular, it seems problematic to combine the popular election of the head of the executive with the powers traditionally vested in the executive in a parliamentary form of government. No less problematic are the measures aimed at guaranteeing a majority in the Chambers without setting a minimum threshold of votes to be reached and those aimed at limiting the independence of parliamentarians during the formation of new governments during the legislature.

 

 

ANTONIO RUGGERI

A riguardo di talune rilevanti precisazioni fatte dalla Consulta in tema di “doppia pregiudizialità” (a prima lettura di Corte cost. n. 100 del 2024)

(05.06.2024)

Abstract

The case note deliberates on certain considerations contained in decision No. 100 of 2024 of the Constitutional Court regarding the regime of dual preliminary rulings (both constitutional and European). It specifically addresses the excess of statements within the judgment, which poses challenges to the readability of the decision itself, despite the consolidation carried out by the constitutional judge in matter.

 

 

MASSIMILIANO MEZZANOTTE

L’autonomia differenziata in materia ambientale: confini e limiti dell’art. 116, comma 3, Cost.

(03.06.2024)

Abstract

Differentiated autonomy was perhaps the most problematic innovation introduced by the Tit-le V reform. Among the matters that can be the subject of agreement between the State and the Region, there is the environment, a particularly delicate matter, in which, alongside the recognition of greater areas for the Regions, the State must still be guaranteed the possibility of ensuring homogeneity of discipline. From this point of view, compliance with this limit causes serious difficulties for the interpreter, who is forced to identify the type and breadth of competences that can be attributed to the region and that make one reflect on the difficulties in interpreting Article 116 of the Constitution.

 

 

CARLA DI MARTINO

La tutela dei diritti fondamentali tra Costituzione e Carta di Nizza: i nuovi (controversi) spunti della giurisprudenza costituzionale in tema di «doppia pregiudizialità»

(29.05.2024)

Abstract

The Constitutional Court has recently returned to the issue of 'doppia pregiudizialità'. This article attempts to highlight the two directions in which the constitutional jurisprudence has moved. On the one hand, it addresses the question of the possibility of extending the 'concurrence of judicial remedies' to cases of violations of fundamental rights not (exclusively) included in the Nice Charter. On the other hand, the Court provides judges with a vademecum on which remedies to activate and in which order of priority. This article tries to show the reasons why these developments in constitutional jurisprudence are still not straightforward.

 

 

MARIO PERINI

Evoluzioni normative e giurisprudenziali in materia di giuoco con vincita di denaro

(22.05.2024)

Abstract

The article examines the evolution of legislation and constitutional decisions regarding gambling in Italy. It highlights how the "liberalization" of the sector, which began in the 1990s, and the consequent spread of gambling, have brought to light a plurality of constitutional values, thus necessitating a balancing act by both the legislature and the Constitutional Court.

 

 

ADRIANA CIANCIO

Il rinvio pregiudiziale alla Corte di giustizia, il dialogo «a distanza» con la Corte costituzionale e i possibili rimedi al giudicato amministrativo in contrasto con il diritto europeo (notazioni su tre casi recenti, a partire dalla vicenda «Randstad»)

(10.05.2024)

Abstract

The study deals with the possible remedies against administrative adjudications of ultimate instance not complying with EU law. More specifically, it aims at providing solutions when the administrative judge either does not respect the decisions issued by the European Court of Justice or does not even preliminary refer for interpretation before it, as set out in Art. 267 TFEU in case of doubts. Assessing recent both European and Italian case law, and accordingly refused the possibility to recourse to the Supreme Court of Cassation for “reasons relating to jurisdiction”, the paper focuses on the different means of "reversal of judgement" as regulated in the Italian procedural law. In this regard, the recent reform of the civil procedure is considered a missed opportunity in order to further widen the reversal instrument enshrined in Articles 395 and 396 of the civil procedure code, so to reach a fair balance between the needed respect for European commitments, on the one hand, and the right of judicial defense of all the stakeholders involved in a case, on the other hand.

 

 

GIUDITTA MATUCCI

Lo statuto delle opposizioni nella forma di governo che cambia

(10.05.2024)

Abstract

This essay aims to reconstruct the meaning and scope that the statute of opposition minorities assumes in the comparison between systems, dwelling on the need to ensure its protection in the perspective of the possible approval of the reform of the current government structure as well as outlined by the bill A.S. 935, currently being examined by Parliament.

 

 

CARLO CIARDO

L’oblio oncologico: una prima analisi della l. n. 193/2023

(06.05.2024)

Abstract

The contribution constitutes a first examination of the characterizing elements and of the challenges associated with the recent legislative measures aimed at combating discrimination against cancer survivors. It also considers the European context and relevant EU legislation.

 

 

ANTONIO RUGGERI

I parametri costituzionali sfuggenti e le forme del loro inveramento nell’esperienza, a mezzo di consuetudini culturali di riconoscimento del loro significato

(06.06.2024)

Abstract

The contribution, after having clarified that the conceptual opacity of the rules is different from their structural scope, which is sometimes broad or very broad and sometimes dense and even stringent, notes that, in order to establish whether some normative provisions of the Constitution present a formulation elusive, it is necessary to refer to the indications that come from experience, especially to the cultural habits of recognizing its nature and meaning. At the opposite pole there are the evident provisions and those which are sufficiently clear, but which are subject to serious changes in the reconstruction of their meaning. The speech then focuses on the crucial importance played, to a non-negligible extent, by judges, especially where their orientations are consolidated in living law. Finally, the author wonders whether the case in which the existence of constitutional gaps or disciplines formulated in conceptually elusive terms is demonstrated to be more serious, noting in particular the major drawbacks deriving from the opaque or reticent character of the constitutional language.

 

 

ANDREA PROTO PISANI

Ricordo di un amico: Alessandro Pizzorusso

(02.05.2024)

Abstract

The writing recalls the figure of the illustrious jurist Alessandro Pizzorusso in the historical climate that saw him operate in various institutional roles.

 

 

La Corte replica a Consulta OnLine

(02.05.2024)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Parte Seconda

RICERCHE E MATERIALI

 

 

FRANCESCA MUNEROL e MARGHERITA ANDREAGGI

I “semi di conflitto” nella gestione dell’acqua ed i possibili strumenti di risoluzione

(10.06.2024)

Abstract

This contribution summarizes the activities carried out by the authors, researchers of the CIMA Foundation, starting from the beginning of 2022. It develops some systemic reflections on the analysis of the measures adopted by institutions to address the prolonged drought that affected Italy in the summer of 2022, with particular attention to the contingent and urgent ordinances issued by municipalities within the Po River Basin. These municipal ordinances serve as key indicators for understanding the legal-social impacts of drought in different territories and as indicators of potential conflicts over the management of water resources. Mapping this legal phenomenon and understanding its scope allows us to anticipate the emergence of conflicts over water and to effectively experiment with solutions for the participatory management of water resources.

Alongside the mapping of the ordinances, some court rulings related to the management of water resources in Italy have been analyzed. This analysis helps to understand the presence of conflicts between interested parties and highlights the limitations of the ordinary judicial approach in resolving and effectively overcoming these conflicts. The examination of current participatory management practices provides insights into a new and different approach to addressing the issue of looming droughts.

 

 

 

 

Consulta OnLine (periodico online) ISSN 1971-9892